Ww

w
abbreviation for wide, width, or weight.

wales
the vertical rows of loops on knitted material.

walk-in oven
a heat chamber for thermal treating of printed parts by convection heat, large enough in size to accommodate a person.

walking stitch
refer to running stitch.

wall rack
a rack designed to be mounted on a vertical surface.

ware
any glass or ceramic article.

wareholder
chucks or other devices for holding ware during decorating or firing.

warm color
(1) a color that suggests warmth, such as yellow, orange or red hue; (2) in printing a color that is on the reddish side.

warm-up period
time required for a device to reach normal operating temperature or performance following initial start-up.

warp
(1) a twist or distortion; (2) the threads in a woven fabric or mesh that run lengthwise.

warp and weft (warp and woof)
the basic structure of a woven fabric or mesh, the crisscrossing of threads in weaving where the warp threads run lengthwise and the weft threads run crosswise.

warp beam
the roller in the rear of a loom around which the warp is wound.

warpage
dimensional distortion in a plastic object after molding.

wash
to affect color or tint by adding saturation or chroma.

wash out inks
water soluable ink used for printing on textiles and are easily removed by washing.

wash resistance
the degree a printed textile ink withstands washing in detergent solution without affecting color strength or adhesion; (2) able to resist although not completely the penetration of water.

wash-up
the process of removing the residual ink from the screen with a solvent or ink degradent.

waste
unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing or converting processes.

waste can
a container used for safe containment of oily cleaning rags or other flammable soiled items.

waste, commerical
all solid waste emanating from a business establishment.

waste, converting
recycable waste that can be reprocessed.

waste, hazardous
by product that can pose a hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed.

waste, solid
materials that are disposed of in their original form.

waste stream
the movement of waste from generation to disposal.

wastewater
used water that contains dissolved or solid material.

water absorption
the ratio of the weight of water that has been absorbed by a material to the weight of the material when dry; a percentage of water absorbed by a material when immersed in water for 24 hours.

water based ink
ink containing a vehicle water soluble or water dispersible resin.

waterfall
refer to flow coating.

waterhouse stop
an early form of aperture adjustment in a camera that consists of a metal strip in which a desired size hole is accurately drilled, and the metal strip is inserted in a slot in the process lens barrel to take the place of the usual iris diaphragm.

water-in-oil emulsion
pigments dispersed in a solution of synthetic resin in an organic solvent with water added by high speed mixer or homogenizer.

waterjet cutting
use of a focused stream of water concentrated at pressures of 4350 to 8799 Kpa (30,000 to 60,000 psi) to cut materials.

waterleaf
a paper that absorbs water instantly; a blotter.

watermark
(1) discoloration of ware in firing caused by accumulation of soluble salts during drying; (2) a translucent design mark impressed in paper during manufacturing, visible when held up to a light source.

water miscible
solvents or other liquids that can be stirred into and blended with water.

water pollution
the addition of harmful or objectionable material causing an alteration of water quality.

waterproof
a fabric whose pores have been closed not allowing water to pass through.

water quality standards
limits on concentration of the components of water based on the proposed use for that water.

water reactive
a chemical substance or mixture that reacts with water to release heat or gas that is flammable, highly toxic, or toxic.

water repellent
a fabric that has been treated with a finish that caused material to shed water, but are still air permeable.

water resistance (water repellent)
resistant to water but not entirely waterproof.

water slide
a decal manufactured faceup that is released from its paper carrier by water and transferred laterally or as a free film onto a substrate.

waterslide transfer
decal that is made to release from the support sheet by water absorption, so they will slide off the support sheet and onto the application surface.

water soluble
having the property of dissolving in water.

water soluble adhesive
any adhesive that dissolves in water.

water spot
an imperfection on exposed and processed photographic film caused by failure to remove excess water before drying.

water vapor transmission
the weight of water vapor transmitted through a material, measured in grams over 24 hour period.

water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)
the rate of water vapor transmission through a material.

water wet test
a method of testing surface treatment on polyolefins.

watt
a unit of electrical power; one watt is equivalent to the power represented by one ampere of current with a pressure of one volt in DC circuit or one absolute joule per second and equal to 1/746 horsepower.

wave
a physical activity that rises and falls periodically as it travels through a media.

wavelength
(1) a measuring unit to determine hue, color, or position in the color spectrum; (2) the distance between corresponding points on two successive waves of light or sound.

wave solder
process of soldering thru hole printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies.

wavy edges
a condition in paper where the exposed edges absorb moisture at a different rate than the body of the sheet in a pile causing the edges to have a ripple appearance.

wayfinding
the ability of a person to find his or her way to a given destination in an emergency.

weatherability
the ability of a material to resist color change, disintegration, wear, or other adverse affects of exposure to weather.

weathering
(1) to undergo change as disintegration or discoloration from exposure to weather; (2) the degree of attack on a material by atmospheric conditions.

weatherometer
a device or machine for testing weatherability of materials under simulated weather conditions.

weave
pattern in which a fabric or mesh is woven.

weave marks
refer to mesh marks.

web
a continuous roll of pliable material.

webbing
fine filament produced by the ink between the screen mesh and substrate being printed, exhibiting a cobweb like appearance on the finished print.

web fed
(1) an automatic feeding system where material is fed from a continuous roll, synchronized to a stop motion arrangement that stops movement for printing; (2) a type of printing press that feeds the substrate from a bulk roll or bolt.

web guide
device that keeps the web traveling straight through the press.

web lead
a continuous strip of material extending from a supply roll, over rollers, and through printing unit to take-up roll.

web tension
the controlled tightness or looseness of a web material during transport through the press or other inline operation.

wedging
a buildup of coating material at the edge of the substrate

weed
the disposable portion of a material after finishing; that portion of a die cut sheet that is waste; refer to matrix.

weft
the horizontal threads or fibers that are carried in the shuttle; the threads or fibers that run from selvage to selvage; also called woof.

weftwise printing
the printing of cloth in a direction across the width of the web, or at a 90-degree angle to the selvage edge.

weight (fabric)
the heaviness of a fabric expressed in grams per linear meter (ounces per yard).

weight per gallon
the weight of any liquid determined by multiplying the weight of a gallon of distilled water (8.33 lbs) by the specific gravity of the liquid.

weir
a notch in the top of a photo processing tank for measuring flow.

welding
the joining of thermoplastic material by heat or chemical action.

well
the area between the inside of the frame and the stencil at the front and back of the screen; also referred to as inkwell.

well side of the screen
the side of a printing screen where the ink is placed for printing; also called print side; also see print side.

wet crock
the tendency of a waterbased ink film to lose pigment when abraded with a wet cloth; also refer to crocking.

wet etchible resists
resist inks that can be printed and etched without the intermediate step of drying the ink film.

wet exposure method
the technique of subjecting photosensitive materials to light while in a wet state.

wet film thickness
the depth, expressed in mils, of an applied coating measured immediately after application.

wet flexural strength (WFS)
the flexural strength after water immursion usually after boiling the test specimen for two hours in water.

wet grinding
pulverizing color pigment and other material in a ball mill in the presence of enough liquid to form a slurry.

wet method
a process of preparing carbon tissue for screen printing plates, where the carbon tissue is exposed while it is in a wet or damp state.

wet-on-wet
the printing of multiple colors onto an aborbent substrate before the previously printed colors have dried.

wet printing (trapping ink)
the process of printing a color over a previously printed color that is still wet, to form an intermediate color, or to print two separate colors.

wet rub resistance
the resistance of a wet surface of a coated or uncoated paper or paperboard to resist rubbing or scuffing.

wet sample
a small quantity of a wet ink that is stored for future reference.

wet scrub resistance
the ability of an ink to withstand scrubbing in contact with water.

wet scrubber
air pollution control device involving the wetting of particles in the air stream and the impingement of wet or dry particles on collecting surfaces followed by flushing.

wet scrub resistance
the ability of an ink to withstand scrubbing in contact with water.

wet-strength paper
(1) a type of paper designed and made for the production of outdoor posters that accepts printing and has a high tear resistance when wet with poster paste during hanging; (2) a material’s ability to retain a proportion of its dry strength even when wet; (3) a paper that maintains at least 15% of its dry tensile strength when wet with water.

wettability
the relative affinity of a liquid for a surface, measured by the contact angle formed between the liquid and the surface. (If the constant angle is zero complete wettability occurs. If the contact angle is greater than 90 degrees the condition is one of non-wettability).

wettability tester
an instrument used to calculate surface energy or adhesion tension by using the contact angle as a measurement of adhesion wetting of liquids to solid surfaces.

wet tensile strength
the ability of a material to function under conditions of high moisture content.

wetting
the ability to adhere to a surface immediately upon contact.

wetting agent
(1) a chemical additive that reduces the surface tension of a fluid, inducing it to spread readily on a surface to which it is applied; (2) to additive to aid in the dispersion of pigment particles.

wetting up
the process of placing ink in the printing screen and making one or more printing strokes with the squeegee to distribute the ink evenly before beginning the actual production run.

wet web tester
instrument used to predict wet and dry sheet strengths of paper.

wf
abbreviation for wrong font.

WFS
acroynm for wet flexural strength.

WH
abbreviation for watt hour.

whirler
a turning device designed for the rotating of a coated printing screen while the coating is drying, aids in producing an even film coating.

whiskering
thin scraps of the base material that cling to the die-cut edges of a part.

white
(1) the pressence of all colors; (2) the visual perception produced by light where each wavelength has the same relative intensity in the visisble range as sunlight; (3) the result of combining equal amounts of the additive colors red, green, and blue.

white balance
the balancing of colort components to create pure white when scanning a white object.

white light
visual sensation that results when the wavelegths between 400 and 700 nanometers are combined in nearly equal proportions; light that emits all wavelengths of the visible spectrum at uniform intensity.

whitepoint
(1) on a monitor, the combination of all three red, green, and blue phosphors at full intensity as measured by its color temperature in Kelvin, a necessary reference point in calibration and characterization; (2) scanned color that produces 255,255,255 in an 8-bit scanner, ideally 100% neutral reflectance or transmittance.

white space
the area in print matter that is not covered by type, design, or illustration.

white vinegar
a common form of 5 percent acetic acid.

whiteware
ware having a white or ivory body when fired.

WIC
acroynm for workplace identification code.

wick
the characteristic of some fibers to absorb moisture while others do not.

wicket dryer
a conveyorized system of wire forms, trays, or racks designed to hold sheet substrates in an angled position while drying.

wicking
(1) the bleeding of ink or ink additives into surrounding garment fibers; (2) moisture on the surface of the fabric that is not absorbed by the fibers; (3) tendency of moisture to spread on a surface; (4) the drawing up of a liquid by capillary action.

wide-angle lens
a photographic lens with a shorter focal length and a wider field of view.

window
the limits of a material within which a reactive process can take place.

wiper
the physically movable contact part of a variable resistance component, usually a metal blade that is slideable along the fixed resistor surface.

wiping
the process of cutting the ink that has been pressed into the mesh apertures, and simultaneously clearing the top surface of the mesh of excess ink.

wire cloth
a woven material of metal threads used for screen mesh; also refer to metal screen mesh.

wire mark
an impression in paper from the machine wire or dandy roll of the paper machine.

wire mesh
refer to wire cloth, metal screen mesh.

wire screen
a printing screen made with woven metal fibers.

wire side
that side of a paper sheet or web that is contacted by the wire of the paper machine during manufacture; the grain side of a sheet; also refer to felt side.

wire stitch
refer to saddle stitch.

with grain
in a direction consistent with the machine direction during manufacture.

wmk
abbreviation for watermark.

woodcut
a printing form where the image has been carved in relief in wood.

woof
refer to weft.

work and tumble
to print one side of a substrate, then turn the substrate over from gripper to back using the same side guide to print the second side.

work and turn
to print one side of a substrate, then turn the sheet over from left to right and print the second side.

work harden
a process of stabilizing the tension of a mesh by use and retensioning.

working head of ink
the portion of ink on top of the printing screen that is pushed ahead of the squeegee on the printing stroke.

working life
refer to pot life.

working proof
trial print that is marked up to show changes that need to be made prior to production run.

working range
the viscosity range where molten glass can be formed.

working standard
a unit of measurement calibrated from either a primary or secondary standard that is used to calibrate other devices or make comparison measurements.

woven fabric
material made of two sets of threads with the warp running lengthwise and the weft threads running perpendicular.

wrap-around
a screen printed design that extends around the substrate of cylindrical shape.

wrinkling
(1) the puckering or creasing of a pliable material that occurs during printing; (2) an uneven ink surface formed during drying.

wrong-reading
an image that is backwards from the original.

wt
abbreviation for weight.

WVTR
acroynm for water vapor transmission rate.

WYSIWYG
acroynm for what you see is what you get.

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