Ii

IC
acroynm for integrated circuit.

ICC
acroynm for International Color Consortium

ice
a fusible, fine, granular glass that is used as a decorating medium and is dusted on an adhesive to keep it inplace during firing.

ice wash
a chemical or mechanical treatment where dye is removed from a garment to create a cracked look.

ICR
acroynm for intelligent character recognition.

ID
abbreviation for inside dimension; abbreviation for identification.

identity tone map
one to one mapping of the input values to identical output values without changes in contrast or brightness.

idium tin oxide (ITO)
a thin conductive material that is vacuum deposited on the surface of a film substrate used as the base material for resistive touch screens and electroluminescent (EL) lamps.

idler roller
the support rollers for a web material.

IEC
acroynm for International Electrotechnical Commission.

IEEE
acroynm for Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

ignite
to set fire to; to cause to burn.

ignitable mixture
a vapor-air mixture that is capable of the initiation and propagation of flame away from the source of ignition. (Propagation of flame is the spread of the flame from layer to layer independent of the source of ignition).

ignition temperature
the temperature at which a flammable liquid vapor ignites regardless of external heat source; lowest temperature at which a substance will catch fire and continue to burn, the lower the temperature the more of a fire hazard.

IGT
acroynm for incident glass temperature.

IGT test
a test for the pick resistance of paper.

illuminant
mathematical description of the relative spectral power distribution of a real or imaginary light source.

illuminant A (CIE)
incandescent illumination yellow orange in color with correlated color temperature of 2856ºK defined in the wavelength of 380 to 770 nm.

illuminant C (CIE)
tunsten illumination that simulates average daylight, bluish in color with a correlated color temperature of 6774ºK.

illuminant D (CIE)
daylight illumination based on actual spectral measurements of daylight defined from 300 to 830 nm with a correlated color temperature of 6504ºK.

illustration board
a pasted board with hard sizing, good erasing quality, and warp resistance with a typical thickness of 0.890 mm (0.035 in).

image
an original design of any kind; the reproduction of an original design or pattern.

image area
the area that is to be reproduced or printed.

image assembly
refer to film image assembly.

image carrier
an imaged screen.

image orientation
the spatial relationship of the different parts of an image.

image printing
the graphic reproduction of such items as paintings, drawings, and photographs.

imagesetter
a drum or flatbed laser output device used to image bitmap data onto separation film or paper.

imaging device
equipment such as laser scanner, process camera, or contact printing frame that projects light images of originals onto photosensitive materials under controlled conditions.

IMAPS
acroynm for International Microelectronic and Packaging Society, formally known as International Society for Hybrid Microelectronics (ISHM).

IMD
abbreviation for in-mold decoration.

immersion length
that portion of the length of an instrument that measures the immersed temperature of a liquid.

immiscible
incapable of being mixed such as oil and water.

imitation gold ink
a simulated gold ink that uses aluminum powder to produce the metallic luster and a transparent yellow colorant to produce the color.

impact resistance
the ability of a material or coating to resist sudden shocks or impacts without breakage.

impact test
a destructive test method to determine the resistance of an object to fracture or colapse by the sudden application of a load.

impactless imaging
a printing process where the substrate is not struck to creat a print.

impedance
(1) the rate at which a substance absorbs and transmits sound; (2) resistance to alternating current.

imperfect
a level of quality used to describe an irregular garment.

imposition
the arrangement of printed matter to form a sequence of pages.

impregnation
the penetration of fluid ink into a porous, or absorbent substrate.

impression
(1) the result of printing; a printed copy; (2) the pressure of copy on printing plate as it comes into contact with the substrate.

impression pass
refer to print stroke.

impression time
the time required for the squeegee to produce a complete imprint on the substrate.

imprint
(1) the result of transferring an image by pressure or other means to a substrate; (2) a technique where an image is applied over or ontop of a previously imaged area.

impurity
a quality or state of being impure; lack of consistency or homogeneity.

in
abbreviation for inch.

in²
abbreviation for square inch.

in³ abbreviation for cubic inch.

incandescent
an energy source that emits light from a heated wire.

inch (in)
a measurement unit of length equal to 1/12 of a foot or 2.54 centimeters; (2) to move the printing action of a press or other equipment slowly or in small increments for adjustment.

inch, cubic
refer to cubic inch.

inch, square
refer to square inch.

incident glass temperature (IGT)
temperature at which isolated beads of glass powder first show evidence of glass.

incinerator
an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion with the primary purpose of thermally breaking down hazardous waste.

incline press
a screen printing press where the screen maintains a position parallel to the printing bed, but recedes during the feed/take off cycle in a diagonal-lifting motion.

incompatible substance
a liquid or material, when mixed, can cause a dangerous reaction.

incomplete combustion
partial burning of the air/fuel mixture due to inadequate oxygen supply or too low an acquired temperature to complete chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of CO (carbon monoxide).

indanthrene blue
an organic pigment with good fad resistance, fair transparency, and poor resistance to acid.

indelible ink
permenent; a marking ink that is difficult or impossible to remove.

indentation hardness
refer to Shore hardness.

independent laboratory
an analyitical or test facility operated independently and capable of performing evaluation tests.

index
to move a substrate into position for printing.

index bristol
a group of lightweight cardboards used principally for business and commercial uses; made of homogenous stock.

index table
a printing base that is rotatable and can be stopped at predetermined positions of equal increments.

indexed color
a color system that defines a palate of color to be used in a specific image and makes images small and manageable.

indicator travel
the dimension of the path described by the indicating needle or pointer, in moving across a scale.

indicia
replaces a stamp; postal permit information (US) permitted on objects to be mailed in lieu of a stamp.

indirect photostencil printing screen
a printing screen made by exposing a photosensitive polymer or gelatin to actinic light, after development the film is adhered, via the gelatine (polymer) side, to the mesh, then when dry, the plastic support sheet is removed.

indirect stencil
a photosensitive stencil made from a light sensitive gelatin emulsion coated onto a polyester carrier or backing sheet that is exposed to a film positive, chemically processed into a stencil, adhered to the stretched screen mesh, and the support or backing sheet is removed.

industrial screen printing
applies generally to the screen printing of legends, markings, patterns, designs, etc., to explain or identify locations of components, as in the marking of machine parts, electronic cables, connectors, chassis, etc.; includes electronic circuitry and chemical milling.

industrial wipe
lint-free pliable towel that is made for industrial cleaning and wiping uses, with capacity to absorb ink, oil, and water.

inert
extended pigments that are chemically unable to react, often added to lower the cost of an ink formulation.

inert atmosphere
achieved when purging with and maintaining an inert gas such as nitrogen above the surface of a UV coating, thereby eliminating the effect of oxygen inhibition on the cure speed.

infeed
(1) front area of a machine where the substrate first enters the printing process; (2) a mechanism for web tension that controls the forward travel of the web into a web screen printing press.

infinitely variable stroke
system where speed of squeegee strokes can be varied from minimum to maximum without incremental regulation.

inflammable
refer to flammable.

infrared
specific wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum from 760 nanometers to 1000 nanometers that heat an object they strike.

infrared dryer
a drying system for screen printed sheets or three-dimensional items utilizing infrared emission as a heating source.

infrared emission
a measure of the ability of a surface to emit, absorb, or reflect infrared rays.

infrared spectroscopy
the spectral analysis of compounds using radiation in the infrared region.

ingestion
to swallow.

inglaze decoration
a ceramic decoration applied on the surface of an unfired glaze and matured with the glaze during firing.

inhalation
breathing material in through the nose or mouth.

inhibitor
a substance used to retard an undesirable reaction.

initial tack
stage of an adhesive prior to setting.

injection molded circuit
polymer thick film circuit printed directly onto three-dimensional injection molded plastic.

injection blow molding
a blow molding process where the parison to be blown is formed by injection molding.

injection molding
a method for forming thermoplastics into a desired shape, by first softening the material by heat, followed by injection into a cool mold cavity.

ink
a pigmented, liquid or paste used for printing.

ink adhesion
the bond between ink and substrate.

ink adhesion test
any of several controlled tests to determine long/short-term adhesion properties of an ink to a substrate.

ink deposit
the actual ink placed on the substrate by screen printing technique, used in relation to thickness of the ink film printed.

ink deposit thickness
the height of the ink film layer that has been layed down by a screen during the printing process.

ink, dull
an ink that dries to a matte or very slightly reflecting finish.

ink flow
refer to flow, flow out.

ink holdout
the extent to which a printed surface resists penetration by the vehicle and/or pigment of a given ink formulation.

ink halftone
a high tinctorial strength, finely dispersed, translucent, thixotropic specially formulated ink screen printing ink specifically designed for printing halftone dots.

inking
one of the primary functions of the squeegee during screen printing, responsible for filling the open mesh apertures with ink; also refer to wiping.

inkjet, phase change
type of inkjet technology that uses solid wax inserts instead of traditional inks. The wax is heated to liquidity and deposited onto the substrate through the printhead, where it hardens on contact.

inkjet, piezo

type of inkjet technology that use piezo crystals that vibrate when tiny electric charges are applied. This action forces ink out of the nozzles in the head.

inkjet printer

a type of printer that sprays tiny streams of quick-drying ink onto paper or other media..

inkjet printing
a non-impact printing process where an intermittent or continuous stream of electrostatically charged microscopic ink droplets are projected onto a substrate at high velocity from a pressurized system.

inkjet, thermal

type of inkjet technology that uses heat to vaporize ink to create a bubble. As the bubble expands, some of the ink is pushed out of a nozzle onto the media. When the bubble "pops" (collapses), a vacuum is created pulling more ink into the print head from the cartridge.

ink limiting
a control within a program that limits the percentage of ink applied to an area of print.

ink mottle
a non-uniform appearance of the ink film in printed areas with respect to density and color or both.

inkometer
an instrument used for measuring the degree of ink tack in terms of the torque developed by a system of rotating wet ink rollers.

ink receptivity
the property of a substrate that causes it to accept and/or absorb ink.

ink stability
the ability of an ink to print for a prolonged period without drying in the mesh.

ink tack
the sticky or adhesive property of ink.

ink toner
ink composition designed to change the characteristics of a base color by intermixing.

ink transfer
the amount of ink film transferred from the printing screen to a receiving surface, as the result of a printing impression.

ink transparency
the degree to which light passes through an ink film.

inkwell
the non-image area of a screen to the right and left of the image area in the direction of the squeegee stroke that holds extra ink during printing.

inline
a production line of machinery for transporting a product through a series of automated machines or printing presses.

inline cut
an overlay cut that allows the overlay and trap color to overlap slightly.

in-mold decoration (IMD
a method whereby labels are placed in the front and/or back of a mold, and a plastic article is molded against them, permenantly attaching the label to the article.

inorganic
descriptive of any substance that is not derived from hydrocarbons, generally structured through ionic bonding; coatings made from mineral sources.

inorganic color
ink prepared from mineral or metallic substances.

inorganic pigment
mixed metal oxides procured from a mineral source or high temperature calcination that produces a stable non-soluable crystal used as a colorant.

in-plant printer
department of an agency, business, or organization that prints only for the parent company.

input device
a digitizer, scanner, line art, clip art, keyboard, video camera or any other device that is used to generate and send a design or other instruction into a computer for eventual production on an output device.

in register
refer to register.

International Color Consortium (ICC)
established in 1993 to create, promote, and encourage the standardization and evaluation of an open, vendor neutral cross platform color management system, located in Virginia USA.

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
an international organization concerned with standardization of electrical and electronic equipment.

International Metric System (SI)
the internationally accepted system based on seven basic units of measure: meter for length, kilogram for mass, second for time, ampere for electrical current, degree Kelvin for thermodynamic temperature, candela for light intensity, and mole for amount of substance.

International Microelectronic and Packaging Society (IMAPS)
supports ceramic, thick and thin film, semiconductor packaging, discrete semiconductor devices, and monolithic circuit producers; formally known as ISHM.

inside cut
an overlay cut that allows a slight gap between the overlay and the trap color.

insol
abbreviation for insoluble.

insoluble
incapable of being dissolved particularly by a liquid.

inspection
the activity of measuring, examining, testing, or gauging one or more characteristics and comparing them to specified requirements to determine conformance.

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. (IEEE
a leading authority in technical areas ranging from computer engineering, biomedical technology and telecommunications, to electric power, aerospace and consumer electronics, among others.

instron
an instrument utilized to determine the tensile and compressive properties of materials.

instruction tab
discardable instructions printed on the face side of a label but separated from the label proper by a face slit.

instrument standard
secondary standard that is used with a particular instrument only, for use in maintaining the calibration of the instrument.

insulation resistance
the electrical resistance beween two test points.

insulator
any material that is a poor or non-conductor of electrical energy; also refer to resistance, insulator.

intaglio
any form of printing where the image areas are engraved or etched below the non-image areas on the printing plate.

integral proof
color proof of separation negatives exposed in register on one piece of proofing paper.

integrated circuit (IC
a solid state unit that contains basic electronic circuits, printed, where parts or components are produced and contained in single small blocks of the unit; the components designed to perform different functions as resistors, capacitors, etc.

integrator
see light integrator.

intelligent character recognition (ICR
a sophisticated form of optical charater recognition (OCR) where the computer determines the probable meaning of a character by analyzing its shape, able to interpret a wide range of different type faces and point sizes.

intensification
the addition of density to film negatives, usually by chemical treatment.

intensity
(1) the strength of a color; chroma; (2) the amount of light output by a lamp.

interchangability error
a measurement error that can occur if two or more probes are used for the same measurement, caused by a slight variation in characteristics of different probes.

intercoat adhesion
the adhesion of one ink to another; the ability of a coating or ink to adhere to a previously printed surface.

intercrimp
an extra crimp occurring between points of intersection in woven wire cloth.

interface
the contact area between two surfaces.

interface pressure
the result of the applied force of the squeegee meeting the tension force of stretched screen mesh.

interference pattern
an undesirable pattern that occurs when one regular set of parallel lines or dots crosses another set at various angles of intersection; also refer to moiré.

interleaving
process whereby prints are separated one from another by a sheet of non-adhering material, used to prevent blocking.

interlock
(1) a device for connecting heavy stock display elements; (2) a device that prevents the operation of a piece of machinery while repairs are being made.

intermediate
any chemical substance that is either consumed in whole or in part in a chemical reaction used for the manufacture of other chemical substances or mixtures, or is intentionally present for the purpose of altering the rate of such chemical reaction.

internal strength
the force required to divide or separate a material internally under prescribed conditions.

internal tearing resistance
the force in grams required to tear a single sheet of paper after the tear has been started, not to be confused with initial tear or edge tear, normally tested on an Elmendorf tester.

International Color Consortium (ICC
established in 1993 to create, promote, and encourage the standardization and evaluation of an open, vendor neutral cross platform color management system, located in Virginia USA.

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC
an international organization concerned with standardization of electrical and electronic equipment.

International Metric System (SI
the internationally accepted system based on seven basic units of measure: meter for length, kilogram for mass,second for time, ampere for electrical current, degree kelvin for thermodynamic temperature, candela for ligt intensity, and mole for amount of substance.

International Microelectronic and Packaging Society (IMAPS
supports ceramic, thick and thin film, semiconductor packaging, discrete semiconductor devices, and monolithic circuit producers; formally known as ISHM.

International paper sizes
the International Standards Organization system of paper sizes based on a series of three sizes A, B, and C; series A is used for general printing and stationary, series B for posters, and series C for envelopes.

interpolation
(1) matrix for comparison of central pixels to surrounding pixels, used to increase the apparent resolution of a digital image; (2) a mathematical technique used in some scanning and graphic programs to increase resolution also called bi-cubic or sequential interpolation.

Int’l
abbreviation for international.

intrinsically safe
an instrument that will not produce a spark or thermal effects under normal or abnormal conditions.

intumescent
the ability of an ink or coating to enlarge or swell in response to heat.

invariant color match
a color match that does not vary with a change of illuminant or observer.

inverse light law
a formula for determining the amount that light diminishes at varying distances in relation to a given area. The law states that light diminishes in inverse ratio to the square of the distance from the source.

iodine number
a number that indicates the relative drying potential of vegetable oils.

ion projection printing
similar to electrostatic imaging, but with ionized dot pattern projected to an image surface, then brought into contact with the paper and fused.

ionized air
air where the ions have been changed in polarity to reduce the effect of static electricity charges.

IPC
acronym for the Association Connecting Electronics Industry; prior to 1999 known as Institute of Interconnecting and Packaging Circuits, still use IPC as acroynm.

iph
abbreviation for impressions per hour.

IPS
acroynm for impact resistant polystyrene.

iridescent
displaying properties of a rainbow/prismatic colors.

iris proof
a proof produced by a color matching system made by Scitex Company.

iron blue (Prussian blue, milori, Berlin and Chinese blue
a class of light fast dark blue pigments, essentially ferric ferrocyanide.

iron oxide
a series of compounds of oxygen and iron occurring naturally or manufactured, used as a pigment in screen printing ink.

irradiation
exposure to ultraviolet light or other high energy ray.

irradiator
the lamp housing and reflector assembly in a UV curing system.

irregular
any article containing slight imperfections.

irregular
flawed garment. (Some irregulars are of acceptable quality, even though not up to the manufacturer’s standards).

irregular print
any print that does not conform exactly to customer or company specifications, or which exhibits other defects.

irreversible
describes a chemical reaction, such as polymerization that is not reversible by normal means.

irreversible transformation
a change in any image during scanning and postscan image editing where information about the image is irretrievably lost.

irritant
a chemical substance or mixture (not a corrosive) where on immediate, prolonged or repeated contact with normal living tissues induces a local inflammatory response in the skin, eyes or mucous membranes.

ISBN
acroynm for International Standard Book Number, a reference number given to every published book.

ISHIHARA test
a vision test for determining color blindness.

ISHM
acronym for International Society for Hybrid Microelectronics, changed name in 1998 to International Microelectronic and Packaging Society now uses acryonm IMAPS.

island rack
a two-or four-sided display rack that is stationary and placed in the center of a wide aisle, permitting customers to scan the merchandise as they walk around the fixture.

ISO
an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization.

ISO 9000
a series of international quality management and quality assurance standards that are not specific to any industry, product, or service, administered by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

ISO 14000
international environmental management system standard administered by International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

isobutyl acetate
solvent used in lacquer thinner compounds.

isophorone
a high boiling point solvent in the cyclic ketone family or group of solvents.

isopropyl alcohol
a secondary alcohol made from natural gases used in shellacs and lacquers, and for other uses not involving ingestion; often used as a plastic substrate cleaner.

isothermal
describes a process or area held at a constant temperature.

ISSN
similar to ISBN, but issued for journals only.

IT8
a color calibration target used in many systems to create profiles.

italic
a letter that has been slanted between 8º and 20º from the perpendicular to the character baseline.

ITO
acroynm for idium tin oxide.

ivory
a cream-white color.

Izod impact test
a destructive test designed to determine the resistance of a plastic to the impact of a suddenly applied force; a measure of brittleness of a material.

Izod impact strength
a measure of the toughness of a material taken by the Izod impact test.

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